1731. Trade LibelEssential Factual Elements [] claims that [] harmed [him/her] by making a statement that disparaged []222s []. To establish this claim, [] must prove all of the following: 1.That [] made a statement that [would be clearly ornecessarily understood to have] disparaged the quality of []222s [];2.That the statement was made to a person other than [];3.That the statement was untrue;4.That [] [knew that the statement was untrue/acted withreckless disregard of the truth or falsity of the statement];5.That [] knew or should have recognized that someoneelse might act in reliance on the statement, causing []financial loss;6.That [] suffered direct financial harm because someoneelse acted in reliance on the statement; and7.That []222s conduct was a substantial factor in causing[]222s harm. New December 2013; Revised June 2015